43ed11b1-6776-4a50-b21c-d72a0049029a UK average C32/40 CEM I Ready-mixed concrete Bygg Ferdig betong The Emidat EPD Tool v1.0.0 was used for LCA modeling and calculation. Background data was used from ecoinvent database v3.10. Elementary flows (energy and fuels, ancillary materials and waste) data was collected on production-process-level. Using the total output of the production process in 2022, elementary flows are assigned to 1 declared unit based on volume. Environmental impacts of the following processes are considered to be negligible: Production and use of formwork and falsework for the installation of concrete, Materials used for the curing of concrete (e.g. plastics, aluminum). 1 2024 2029 2024-10-21 United Kingdom Unit Value Compressive Strength (Cylinder) N / mm² 32.0 Compressive Strength (Cube) N / mm² 40.0 Gross Density kg / m³ 2312. Concrete is a building material made up of several components, including cement, water, sand, gravel, and air. Ready-mixed concrete is manufactured in a batch plant in a controlled environment, using precise mix designs (with the addition of other cementitious materials or chemical admixtures that improve the properties of the concrete), ensuring consistency in quality, strength, and composition. This consistency leads to predictable performance in construction projects. Ready-mixed concrete is then delivered to the construction site in an unhardened state, ready to use, eliminating the need for on-site mixing. This saves time in labour, equipment setup, and material handling, speeding up the construction process. The product is produced according to BS 8500 and BS EN 206. Testing was conducted according to BS EN 12350 and BS EN 12390. Performance data of the product with respect to its characteristics in accordance with the relevant technical provision (no CE-marking). ?? Admixtures -Cement - Fibers - Natural aggregates - Sand - Water Mixing and blending UK average C28/35 CEM I Ready-mixed concrete The most common man-made substance in the world is concrete. Regardless of the magnitude of the construction, it is a necessary component of roads, buildings, bridges, dams, pavements, pipelines, sewers, and other structures. It is made up of naturally occurring aggregates with varying granulometries (sand, fine gravel, and gravel) joined by hydrated cement paste. To improve particular qualities of the fresh or hardened concrete, such as workability, durability, or early and final strength, chemical admixtures can also be used. After manufacture, concrete is workable enough to be transported, poured, pumped, put in place, and compacted at the project site, where it gradually solidifies and gains strength. Name of ingredient Share of total weight Country of origin Admixtures 0 - 2 % United Kingdom Cement 10 - 25 % United Kingdom Fibers 0 - 2 % United Kingdom Natural aggregates 50 - 80 % United Kingdom Sand 10 - 25 % United Kingdom Water 2 - 10 % United Kingdom EPD NPCR 020:2018 Part B for Concrete and concrete elements specific dataset ecoinvent database (all versions) NEPD-7891-7567_UK-average-C32-40-CEM-I-Ready-mixed-concrete.pdf Charlotte Merlin - FORCE Technology EN 15804+A2 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 14025 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant ISO 21930 Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Fully compliant Emidat GmbH 2025-09-01T00:18:26 ILCD format EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2 EPD-Datenformaterweiterungen v1.2 00.06.000 2024-10-22T21:14:22.1384228Z EPD Norway NEPD-7891-7567-2 Heidelberg Materials UK true Free of charge for all users and uses None EPD Norway UK average C32/40 CEM I Ready-mixed concrete General reminder flow Output 1 1 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured Use of renewable primary energy (PERE) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 40.090000000000 0.510000000000 7.720000000000 0.000000000000 1.130000000000 2.850000000000 1.050000000000 0.240000000000 -23.320000000000 MJ Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM) Fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (RPEE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.200000000000 0.000000000000 0.003000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 -0.180000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT) Total bruk av fornybar primærenergi (TPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 40.290000000000 0.510000000000 7.730000000000 0.000000000000 1.130000000000 2.850000000000 0.870000000000 0.240000000000 -23.320000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som energibærer (NRPE) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 1513.290000000000 32.350000000000 132.940000000000 0.000000000000 185.330000000000 179.720000000000 171.700000000000 26.240000000000 -257.300000000000 MJ Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM) Ikke fornybar primærenergi brukt som råmateriale (NRPM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 7.030000000000 0.000000000000 0.110000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 -6.510000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT) Total nicht erneuerbare Primärenergie (PENRT) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 1520.320000000000 32.350000000000 133.040000000000 0.000000000000 185.330000000000 179.720000000000 165.190000000000 26.240000000000 -257.300000000000 MJ Use of secondary material (SM) Bruk av sekundære materialer (SM) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 2164.990000000000 kg Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF) Bruk av fornybart sekundære brensel (RSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF) Bruk av ikke fornybart sekundære brensel (NRSF) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Use of net fresh water (FW) Netto bruk av ferskvann (W) General reminder flow Input 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 3.480000000000 0.004700000000 0.070000000000 0.000000000000 0.010000000000 0.030000000000 0.010000000000 0.030000000000 -0.760000000000 m3 Hazardous waste disposed (HWD) Avhendet farlig avfall (HW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.950000000000 0.050000000000 0.160000000000 0.000000000000 0.210000000000 0.260000000000 0.190000000000 0.030000000000 -2.010000000000 kg Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD) Avhendet ikke-farlig avfall (NHW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 22.000000000000 0.940000000000 322.370000000000 0.000000000000 2.830000000000 5.230000000000 2.620000000000 171.750000000000 -35.870000000000 kg Radioactive waste disposed (RWD) Avhendet radioaktivt avfall (RW) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000009700000 0.000000000000 0.000020000000 0.000054000000 0.000019000000 0.000004100000 -0.000440000000 kg Components for re-use (CRU) Komponenter for gjenbruk (CR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for recycling (MFR) Materialer for resirkulering (MR) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 2140.910000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Materials for energy recovery (MER) Materialer for energigjenvinning (MER) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 kg Exported electrical energy (EEE) Eksportert elektrisk energi(EEE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Exported thermal energy (EET) Eksportert termisk energi (ETE) General reminder flow Output 0 0 0 0 undefined 0 Primary Measured 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000 MJ Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP) Forsurningspotensial for kilder på land og vann (AP) 0 undefined 0 0.610000000000 0.005100000000 0.070000000000 0.000000000000 0.130000000000 0.030000000000 0.120000000000 0.007600000000 -0.130000000000 mol H+ eqv. Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial -totalt (GWPtotal) 0 undefined 0 265.720000000000 2.160000000000 11.920000000000 -16.240000000000 14.170000000000 11.980000000000 13.130000000000 1.070000000000 -21.480000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - biogene kilder( GWP-biogenic) 0 undefined 0 0.140000000000 0.001100000000 0.010000000000 0.000000000000 0.001400000000 0.006000000000 0.001300000000 0.000110000000 -0.020000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial - fossile brensler (GWP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 265.550000000000 2.150000000000 11.910000000000 -16.240000000000 14.170000000000 11.970000000000 13.130000000000 1.070000000000 -21.440000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial arealbruk endringer i bruk av arealer (GWP-luluc) 0 undefined 0 0.020000000000 0.000770000000 0.002200000000 0.000000000000 0.001200000000 0.004300000000 0.001100000000 0.000560000000 -0.020000000000 kg CO2 eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) Økotoksisitet, ferskvann (ETP-fw) 0 undefined 0 7.660000000000 0.000000000000 26.260000000000 42.580000000000 24.330000000000 3.590000000000 -117.300000000000 CTUe Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) Partikkelutslipp (PM) 0 undefined 0 0.000000210000 0.000000000000 0.000021000000 0.000001200000 0.000019000000 0.000000170000 -0.000002000000 disease incidence Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine) Overgjødslingspotensial til hav (EP-marine), hav og jord 0 undefined 0 0.030000000000 0.001300000000 0.030000000000 0.000000000000 0.060000000000 0.007400000000 0.050000000000 0.002900000000 -0.030000000000 kg N eqv. Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater) Overgjødslingspotensial til ferskvann (EP-freshwater) 0 undefined 0 0.020000000000 0.000150000000 0.000710000000 0.000000000000 0.000410000000 0.000840000000 0.000380000000 0.000089000000 -0.006500000000 kg P eqv. Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial) Overgjødslingspotensial til jord (EP-terrestrial) 0 undefined 0 2.380000000000 0.010000000000 0.330000000000 0.000000000000 0.650000000000 0.080000000000 0.600000000000 0.030000000000 -0.380000000000 mol N eqv. Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, kreft (HTP-c) 0 undefined 0 0.000000014000 0.000000000000 0.000000055000 0.000000077000 0.000000051000 0.000000004800 -0.000000190000 CTUh Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) Toksisitet påvirkning på mennesker, andre effekter enn kreft (HTP-nc) 0 undefined 0 0.000000021000 0.000000000000 0.000000025000 0.000000120000 0.000000023000 0.000000004700 -0.000000170000 CTUh Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) Ioniserende stråling, helseeffekt (IRP) 0 undefined 0 0.040000000000 0.000000000000 0.080000000000 0.220000000000 0.080000000000 0.020000000000 -1.810000000000 kBq U235 eqv. Potential Soil quality index (SQP) Påvirkninger knyttet til arealbruksendringer / jordkvalitet (SQP) 0 undefined 0 32.530000000000 0.000000000000 12.980000000000 180.730000000000 12.030000000000 51.610000000000 -240.830000000000 unitless Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP) Potensial for nedbryting av stratosfærisk ozon (ODP) 0 undefined 0 0.000006800000 0.000000045000 0.000000240000 0.000000000000 0.000000220000 0.000000250000 0.000000200000 0.000000031000 -0.000000170000 kg CFC 11 eqv. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) Potensial for fotokjemisk oksidantdanning (POCP) 0 undefined 0 0.620000000000 0.008800000000 0.100000000000 0.000000000000 0.190000000000 0.050000000000 0.180000000000 0.010000000000 -0.110000000000 kg NMVOC eqv. Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for fossile ressurser, fosile brensler (ADP-fossil) 0 undefined 0 1520.310000000000 32.350000000000 133.040000000000 0.000000000000 185.330000000000 179.710000000000 171.700000000000 26.230000000000 -257.280000000000 MJ Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE) Abiotisk utarmingspotensial for ikke-fossile ressurser, mineraler (ADP-elements) 0 undefined 0 0.000120000000 0.000006200000 0.000008100000 0.000000000000 0.000005100000 0.000034000000 0.000004700000 0.000001700000 -0.000110000000 kg Sb-eqv. Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP) Utarmingspotensial for vannressurser (WDP) 0 undefined 0 31.310000000000 0.160000000000 0.930000000000 0.000000000000 0.450000000000 0.900000000000 0.420000000000 0.070000000000 -32.080000000000 m3 world eqv. Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG) Globalt oppvarmingspotensial beregnet etter prinsippet om umiddelbar oksidasjon (GWP-IOBC) 0 undefined 0 kg CO2 eqv.