Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | NO |
| Geographical representativeness description | The products are supplied globally, with primary markets in Europe and North America. Typical application areas include aquaculture mooring systems, marine operations, trawl gear and general industrial use where high load capacity and corrosion resistance are required. |
| Reference year | 2025 |
| Name |
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| Use advice for data set | This EPD covers modules A1–A5 and C1–C4, with module D included. The use phase (B1–B7) is not included due to lack of relevant emissions or impacts during normal operation. Manufacturing data reflects production at Nøsted & AS in Mandal, Norway, including heat treatment, galvanization, testing and packaging. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | The product is an alloy steel chain manufactured at Nøsted & AS in Mandal, Norway. The chain is heat-treated to achieve high mechanical strength and durability and is used in trawl systems, marine operations, mooring, and general handling where high load capacity is required. The product family covered by this EPD includes short-link, mid-link and long-link chain geometries, all manufactured according to the same production principles, heat treatment and quality requirements. The variants differ only in dimensional configuration and are selected based on operational needs in trawl and marine applications. The chain is supplied with an industrial paint coating for corrosion protection in marine and outdoor environments. The coating is applied after heat treatment and mechanical cleaning to avoid hydrogen embrittlement. The chain can be delivered in four standard coating colors for operational identification and visual marking: • Blue • Yellow • Black • Self-coloured The product family covered by this EPD includes short-link, mid-link and long-link chain geometries. All variants are manufactured using the same alloy steel, heat-treatment process and mechanical testing requirements, with dimensional differences only. The coating is applied after heat treatment and proof load testing. Surface preparation is carried out mechanically without acid pickling, eliminating the risk of hydrogen embrittlement. The coating provides corrosion resistance in marine atmospheric exposure environments. Coating color does not influence mechanical properties and serves solely for identification and marking purposes. |
| Classification |
Class name
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Hierarchy level
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| General comment on data set | Data quality: Specific data for the product composition are provided by the manufacturer. The data represent the production of the declared product and were collected for EPD development in the year of study. Background data is based on EPDs according to EN 15804 and different LCA databases. The data quality of the raw materials in A1 is presented in the table below. Primary manufacturing data is sourced directly from the Nøsted & AS Mandal plant. Secondary data for raw materials, energy, and transport is sourced from recognized LCI databases in accordance with EN 15804+A2. Data quality is considered high. Allocation: The allocation is made in accordance with the provisions of EN 15804. Incoming energy and water and waste production in-house is allocated equally among all products through mass allocation. Effects of primary production of recycled materials is allocated to the main product in which the material was used. The recycling process and transportation of the material is allocated to this analysis. Cut-off criteria: All major raw materials and all the essential energy is included. The production processes for raw materials and energy flows with very small amounts (less than 1%) are not included. These cut-off criteria do not apply for hazardous materials and substances. |
| Copyright | Yes |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) |
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| Biogenic carbon content |
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| Time representativeness | |
| Data set valid until | 2030 |
| Time representativeness description | 2025-12-19 - 2030-12-19 |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | Strength class: G80 Manufacturing location: Nøsted & AS, Mandal, Norway Material: Alloy steel (West European origin) Heat treatment: Through hardening + tempering Testing: 100% proof load testing of each chain link Traceability: Full batch traceability to steel melt and production batch Chain geometries included: Short-link, mid-link and long-link variants produced according to the same manufacturing and heat-treatment principles Coating: Industrial marine-grade paint, mechanically applied after heat treatment |
Modelling and validation
| Subtype | specific dataset | ||||
| LCA methodology report | |||||
| Data sources, treatment and representativeness | |||||
| Documentation of data quality management | |||||
| Data source(s) used for this data set | |||||
| Completeness | |||||
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| Compliance Declarations | |||||
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
EN 15804+A2
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
Administrative information
| Data generator | |
| Data set generator / modeller |
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| Data entry by | |
| Time stamp (last saved) | 2026-02-06T10:32:42 |
| Data set format(s) | |
| Publication and ownership | |
| UUID | d8ae060b-ac88-47e0-9ac8-7ac2d03cb827 |
| Date of last revision | 2025-12-17T11:16:32.9446425Z |
| Data set version | 00.02.002 |
| Registration authority | |
| Registration number | NEPD-14527-14989 |
| Owner of data set | |
| Copyright | Yes |
| License type | Free of charge for all users and uses |
| Access and use restrictions | None |
Environmental indicators
Indicators of life cycle