Process Data set: Hellur | 6 cm (en)

Process Data set: Hellur | 6 cm (en) en

Process information

Key Data Set Information
Location	IS
Geographical representativeness description	Iceland
Reference year	2025
Name	Hellur \| 6 cm
Technical purpose of product or process	Paving stones are precast blocks. They are used in a variety of applications including driveways, walkways, patios, and landscaping. The density of the paving stones is 2300 kg/m3.
Classification	Class name : Hierarchy level EPDNorge: Construction / Concrete goods
General comment on data set	Data quality: Specific data for the product composition are provided by the manufacturer. The data represent the production of the declared product and were collected for EPD development in the year of study. Background data is based on EPDs according to EN 15804 and different LCA databases. The data quality of the raw materials in A1 is presented in the table below. Allocation: The allocation is made in accordance with the provisions of EN 15804. Incoming energy and water and waste production in-house is allocated equally among all products through mass allocation. Effects of primary production of recycled materials is allocated to the main product in which the material was used. The recycling process and transportation of the material is allocated to this analysis. Cut-off criteria: All major raw materials and all the essential energy is included. The production processes for raw materials and energy flows with very small amounts (less than 1%) are not included. These cut-off criteria do not apply for hazardous materials and substances.
Copyright	Yes
Owner of data set	BM Vallá
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)	Hellur \| 6 cm - 1.0 * 1.0 qm (Area)
Biogenic carbon content	Carbon content (biogenic): 0.0 kg Carbon content (biogenic) - packaging: 0.0 kg
Time representativeness
Data set valid until	2030
Time representativeness description	2025-10-10 - 2030-10-10
Publication date	2025-10-10
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system	This EPD covers the paving stones listed in the table below. Grey is the standard color while black and brown are also available for most of the products covered in this EPD. The paving stones have a thickness of 6 cm. More information is available on the website: https://www.bmvalla.is/verslun/hellur.

Modelling and validation

Subtype

specific dataset

LCA methodology report

NPCR 020:2018 Part B for Concrete and concrete elements

Data sources, treatment and representativeness

Documentation of data quality management

NPCR 020:2018 Part B for Concrete and concrete elements

Data source(s) used for this data set

ecoinvent database (all versions)

Original EPDs

NEPD-12084-12075_Hellur---6-cm-.pdf

Completeness

Validation

Type of review
Independent external review

Reviewer name and institution
Jane Anderson

Compliance Declarations

Compliance

Compliance system name

EN 15804+A2

Approval of overall compliance

Fully compliant

Nomenclature compliance

Fully compliant

Methodological compliance

Fully compliant

Review compliance

Fully compliant

Documentation compliance

Fully compliant

Quality compliance

Fully compliant

Compliance

Compliance system name

ISO 14025

Approval of overall compliance

Fully compliant

Nomenclature compliance

Fully compliant

Methodological compliance

Fully compliant

Review compliance

Fully compliant

Documentation compliance

Fully compliant

Quality compliance

Fully compliant

Compliance

Compliance system name

ISO 21930

Approval of overall compliance

Fully compliant

Nomenclature compliance

Fully compliant

Methodological compliance

Fully compliant

Review compliance

Fully compliant

Documentation compliance

Fully compliant

Quality compliance

Fully compliant

Administrative information

Data generator
Data set generator / modeller	LCA.no AS
Data entry by
Time stamp (last saved)	2025-10-10T10:19:31
Data set format(s)	ILCD format EPD Data Format Extensions v1.2
Publication and ownership
UUID	a87f2f81-9198-4e93-9d24-293268459794
Date of last revision	2025-08-19T12:10:45.5455968Z
Data set version	00.03.000
Registration authority	EPD Norway
Registration number	NEPD-12084-12075
Owner of data set	BM Vallá
Copyright	Yes
License type	Free of charge for all users and uses
Access and use restrictions	None
Publisher	EPD Norway

Environmental indicators

Indicators of life cycle

Indicator	Direction	Unit	Raw material supply A1	Transport A2	Manufacturing A3	Transport A4	De-construction C1	Transport C2	Waste processing C3	Disposal C4	Recycling Potential D
Use of renewable primary energy (PERE)	Input	MJ	18.83	0.1847	20.37	0.07371	0.04168	0.06184	0.07884	0.2807	-0.06301
Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PERM)	Input	MJ	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total use of renewable primary energy resource (PERT)	Input	MJ	18.83	0.1847	20.37	0.07371	0.04168	0.06184	0.07884	0.2807	-0.06301
Use of non renewable primary energy (PENRE)	Input	MJ	38.26	21.09	19.7	5.15	7.651	4.917	0.1532	18.24	-0.284
Use of non renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials (PENRM)	Input	MJ	2.323	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total use of non renewable primary energy resource (PENRT)	Input	MJ	40.58	21.09	19.7	5.15	7.651	4.917	0.1532	18.24	-0.284
Use of secondary material (SM)	Input	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Use of renewable secondary fuels (RSF)	Input	MJ	25.27	0.006637	0.006971	0.002637	0	0.002163	0	0.005799	-0.001288
Use of non renewable secondary fuels (NRSF)	Input	MJ	44.35	0.02925	0.03741	0.009429	0	0.00725	0	0.01668	-0.001324
Use of net fresh water (FW)	Input	m3	0.1336	0.001498	0.2066	0.0005507	0.0003938	0.0005594	0.0002624	0.02172	-0.009883
Hazardous waste disposed (HWD)	Output	kg	0.3185	0.0009148	0.0112	0.0002656	0.0002252	0.000269	0.0000153	0	-0.00006485
Non hazardous waste dispose (NHWD)	Output	kg	1.723	0.9314	0.1773	0.2504	0.009059	0.4273	0.0004834	132	-0.001967
Radioactive waste disposed (RWD)	Output	kg	0.0002654	0.0001464	0.00002327	0.00003508	0.00005313	0.00003357	0.00000162	0	-0.000002134
Components for re-use (CRU)	Output	kg	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Materials for recycling (MFR)	Output	kg	0	0	0.2924	0	0	0	6.947	0	0
Materials for energy recovery (MER)	Output	kg	0	0	0.5238	0	0	0	0	0	0
Exported electrical energy (EEE)	Output	MJ	0	0	0.3621	0	0	0	0	0	0
Exported thermal energy (EET)	Output	MJ	0	0	5.479	0	0	0	0	0	0

Core environmental impact indicators

Indicator	Unit	Raw material supply A1	Transport A2	Manufacturing A3	Transport A4	De-construction C1	Transport C2	Waste processing C3	Disposal C4	Recycling Potential D
Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF)	MJ	58.49	21.09	17.6	5.149	7.651	4.916	0.1532	18.24	-0.269
Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE)	kg Sb-eqv.	0.00006344	0.00001503	0.00001065	0.000009408	8.53E-7	0.000005393	6.259E-8	0.000005002	-0.000001412
Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP)	mol H+ eqv.	0.03801	0.02675	0.003781	0.0009788	0.005816	0.0009746	0.00003993	0.005516	-0.0001431
Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic)	kg CO2 eqv.	-0.005116	0.0004452	0.02872	0.000141	0.0001042	0.0001296	0.00004261	0.0004807	-0.0003173
Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil)	kg CO2 eqv.	14.62	1.467	1.211	0.3406	0.5557	0.3027	0.004932	0.5652	-0.0159
Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total)	kg CO2 eqv.	14.62	1.468	1.365	0.3408	0.5557	0.3029	0.005001	0.5657	-0.01623
Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc)	kg CO2 eqv.	0.01143	0.0005145	0.1257	0.0001212	0.00004382	0.00009221	0.000006826	0.0001108	-0.00001075
Global warming potential except emissions and uptake of biogenic carbon (GWP-IOBC/GHG)	kg CO2 eqv.	14.63	1.468	1.324	0.3408	0.5557	0.3029	0.004939	0.5657	-0.01701
Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater)	kg P eqv.	0.0003224	0.000007455	0.00001304	0.000002721	0.000002024	0.000002408	3.117E-7	0.000004218	-4.227E-7
Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine)	kg N eqv.	0.01104	0.005988	0.001064	0.0001937	0.002567	0.0002134	0.0000117	0.002068	-0.00004965
Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial)	mol N eqv.	0.1264	0.06732	0.01174	0.002166	0.02779	0.00238	0.0001348	0.02279	-0.0005834
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)	kg NMVOC eqv.	0.03271	0.01812	0.003587	0.0008298	0.007744	0.0009347	0.00003609	0.00652	-0.000154
Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP)	kg CFC 11 eqv.	1.515E-7	3.16E-7	1.605E-7	7.714E-8	1.2E-7	7.298E-8	9.73E-10	2.752E-7	-2.897E-9
Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP)	m3 world eqv.	63.94	10.43	1116	4.981	1.625	3.769	16.91	38.39	-12.62

Additional environmental impact indicators

Indicator	Unit	Raw material supply A1	Transport A2	Manufacturing A3	Transport A4	De-construction C1	Transport C2	Waste processing C3	Disposal C4	Recycling Potential D
¹This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
²The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on these results are high or as there is limited experiences with the indicator.
Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP)¹	kBq U235 eqv.	0.09561	0.09194	0.01894	0.02251	0.03334	0.02149	0.00257	0.07915	-0.002469
Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM)²	disease incidence	3.373E-7	5.962E-8	4.85E-8	2.085E-8	7.038E-7	2.78E-8	6.39E-10	1.175E-7	-3.05E-9
Potential Soil quality index (SQP)²	unitless	6.643	13.43	-0.5916	3.602	0.9294	5.635	0.08662	66.48	0.6107
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc)²	CTUh	2.018E-8	7.453E-9	1.484E-8	4.17E-9	3.89E-9	3.475E-9	9.7E-11	5.279E-9	-3.4E-10
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c)²	CTUh	2.874E-9	0	6.3E-10	0	1.39E-10	0	7E-12	2.64E-10	-1.4E-11
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw)²	CTUe	68	13.18	26.98	3.817	4.182	3.594	0.1086	9.021	-0.277