Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | AT |
| Geographical representativeness description | Scandinavia |
| Reference year | 2025 |
| Name |
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| Use advice for data set | The system boundary of the EPD takes into account the following life cycle phases: from the cradle to the factory gate with options: - Production (A1-A3) - Transportation from the manufacturer to the place of use (A4) - Disposal phase (C1-C4) - Potential benefits and loads outside the system boundaries (D) A1-A3 Module A1 comprises all relevant processes that are necessary for the provision of raw materials and preliminary products. Austria is assumed to be the production location for the preliminary products. Module A2 maps all relevant transportation processes of the raw materials and intermediate products to the production site; trucks and/or ships are used. Module A3 describes the manufacturing process of rolling the thread onto the steel support member at the production site and the assembly of the finished product. Electricity, water and lubricants are used in the manufacture of the product. Release agents and cleaning agents are also required. There is no breakage or technical waste. A4 Module A4 describes the average transportation of the product from the production site to the construction site. The products may be distributed throughout Europe (see section 4, "Transport to the construction site (A4)") but this EPD focuses on Norway. Hence a typical site is taken into account. C1-C4 Module C1 covers the dismantling of the product. The product can be removed using appropriate machinery (similar to installation). Module C3 covers waste treatment for reuse, recovery and/or recycling. Steel and cast iron can be recycled accordingly and processed into equivalent products (see Chapter 4, "End of life(C1-C4)"). D Module D comprises reuse, recovery and/or recycling potentials. These are stated as net flows and benefits. Module D takes into account potentials and burdens from the recycling of metallic components. (see Chapter 4, "Reuse, recovery and recycling potential (D), relevant scenario data"). |
| Technical purpose of product or process | The STB (Scandinavian Tunneling Bolt) is a combinaton type rock bolt system designed for rapid and reliable ground support in underground excavations. Combining the benefits of mechanical anchorage with the versatility of hollow steel tendons, this system is engineered to provide immediate stabilization in competent rock while enabling optional post-grouting for enhanced long-term performance. Key Features High Load-Bearing Capacity: Manufactured from high-strength steel , suitable for demanding ground support requirements. Hollow Core Bar: Enables injection of cementitious or resin grout for optional long-term corrosion protection and load transfer. Expansion Shell Assembly: The mechanical expansion shell at the end of the hollow bar expands against the borehole wall when torque is applied, ensuring immediate primary anchorage. Threaded Bar Profile: Continuous R-threading allows for easy adaptation to varying support lengths and coupling extensions. The STB is ideal for both temporary and semi-permanent support scenarios, especially where quick installation and immediate ground control are needed. Civil Tunneling Drill-and-Blast Tunnels: Installed immediately post-excavation to prevent rock falls and face loosening. Utility Shafts and Cross-Passages: Supports tight and variable geometries where bolting space is limited. Soft Ground Intersections: Combined with grouting to create a composite support in transitional zones. Mining Development Headings: Provides immediate roof and wall support during lateral advance. Ore Passes and Draw Points: Withstand dynamic stresses and abrasive conditions common in ore handling areas. Backfill and Pillar Areas: Serve as temporary anchorage during cut-and-fill or room-and-pillar mining. Key Advantages STB: * Immediate Load Transfer: Mechanical expansion ensures rock stabilization on installation. * Post-Grouting Option: Hollow bar allows full-column grouting for added durability and corrosion resistance. * Versatile Adaptation: Modular system with couplers and various shell types to suit multiple ground types. * Customizable Corrosion Protection: supplied with a duplex coated, hot dipped galvanized protection system. Parameter Value Outer Hollow Bar Diameter: 29, 32, 38 and 51 [mm] Inner Hollow Bar Diameter: varies by type Thread Type: R29, R32, R38 and R51 Corrosion Protection: duplex coated (epoxy + HDG) This EPD is calculated for R29-system. EPD's for the other systems are available on demand. |
| Classification |
Class name
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Hierarchy level
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| General comment on data set | Data quality: Specific data for the product composition are provided by the manufacturer. The data represent the production of the declared product and were collected for EPD development in the year of study. Background data is based on EPDs according to EN 15804 and different LCA databases. The data quality of the raw materials in A1 is presented in the table below. Allocation: The allocation is made in accordance with the provisions of EN 15804. Incoming energy and water and waste production in-house is allocated equally among all products through mass allocation. Effects of primary production of recycled materials is allocated to the main product in which the material was used. The recycling process and transportation of the material is allocated to this analysis. The life cycle under consideration and the associated production processes do not result in any other by-products or co-products. Therefore, no allocations had to be made. In order to make advantages and loads outside the product system visible, a system space extension is carried out within Module D. Cut-off criteria: All major raw materials and all the essential energy is included. The production processes for raw materials and energy flows with very small amounts (less than 1%) are not included. These cut-off criteria do not apply for hazardous materials and substances. All known inputs and outputs in connection with the products were taken into account. Plant, machinery and infrastructure required in production were not considered. |
| Copyright | Yes |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) |
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| Biogenic carbon content |
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| Time representativeness | |
| Data set valid until | 2030 |
| Time representativeness description | 2025-12-19 - 2030-12-19 |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | The technical data are available in the brochure atttached to the EPD or on demand. |
Modelling and validation
| Subtype | specific dataset | ||||
| LCA methodology report | |||||
| Data sources, treatment and representativeness | |||||
| Documentation of data quality management | |||||
| Data source(s) used for this data set | |||||
| Completeness | |||||
| Validation | |||||
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| Compliance Declarations | |||||
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
EN 15804+A2
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
Administrative information
| Data generator | |
| Data set generator / modeller |
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| Data entry by | |
| Time stamp (last saved) | 2025-12-29T12:31:44 |
| Data set format(s) | |
| Publication and ownership | |
| UUID | 8bfe5b13-0623-4b3a-b045-5f9c3861003a |
| Date of last revision | 2025-12-16T16:12:54.3721096Z |
| Data set version | 00.02.002 |
| Registration authority | |
| Registration number | NEPD-14529-14985 |
| Owner of data set | |
| Copyright | Yes |
| License type | Free of charge for all users and uses |
| Access and use restrictions | None |
Environmental indicators
Indicators of life cycle