Close Go back Collapse all sections
Process Data set: UK average C32/40 CEM I Ready-mixed concrete (en) en

Key Data Set Information
Location GB
Geographical representativeness description United Kingdom
Reference year 2024
Name
UK average C32/40 CEM I Ready-mixed concrete
Technical purpose of product or process Concrete is a building material made up of several components, including cement, water, sand, gravel, and air. Ready-mixed concrete is manufactured in a batch plant in a controlled environment, using precise mix designs (with the addition of other cementitious materials or chemical admixtures that improve the properties of the concrete), ensuring consistency in quality, strength, and composition. This consistency leads to predictable performance in construction projects. Ready-mixed concrete is then delivered to the construction site in an unhardened state, ready to use, eliminating the need for on-site mixing. This saves time in labour, equipment setup, and material handling, speeding up the construction process. The product is produced according to BS 8500 and BS EN 206. Testing was conducted according to BS EN 12350 and BS EN 12390. Performance data of the product with respect to its characteristics in accordance with the relevant technical provision (no CE-marking). ?? Admixtures -Cement - Fibers - Natural aggregates - Sand - Water Mixing and blending UK average C28/35 CEM I Ready-mixed concrete The most common man-made substance in the world is concrete. Regardless of the magnitude of the construction, it is a necessary component of roads, buildings, bridges, dams, pavements, pipelines, sewers, and other structures. It is made up of naturally occurring aggregates with varying granulometries (sand, fine gravel, and gravel) joined by hydrated cement paste. To improve particular qualities of the fresh or hardened concrete, such as workability, durability, or early and final strength, chemical admixtures can also be used. After manufacture, concrete is workable enough to be transported, poured, pumped, put in place, and compacted at the project site, where it gradually solidifies and gains strength. Name of ingredient Share of total weight Country of origin Admixtures 0 - 2 % United Kingdom Cement 10 - 25 % United Kingdom Fibers 0 - 2 % United Kingdom Natural aggregates 50 - 80 % United Kingdom Sand 10 - 25 % United Kingdom Water 2 - 10 % United Kingdom
Classification
Class name : Hierarchy level
  • EPDNorge: Construction / Finished concrete
General comment on data set The Emidat EPD Tool v1.0.0 was used for LCA modeling and calculation. Background data was used from ecoinvent database v3.10. Elementary flows (energy and fuels, ancillary materials and waste) data was collected on production-process-level. Using the total output of the production process in 2022, elementary flows are assigned to 1 declared unit based on volume. Environmental impacts of the following processes are considered to be negligible: Production and use of formwork and falsework for the installation of concrete, Materials used for the curing of concrete (e.g. plastics, aluminum).
Copyright Yes
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Biogenic carbon content
  • Carbon content (biogenic): 0.0 kg
  • Carbon content (biogenic) - packaging: 0.0 kg
Time representativeness
Data set valid until 2029
Time representativeness description "2024-10-21" - "2029-10-21"
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system Unit Value Compressive Strength (Cylinder) N / mm² 32.0 Compressive Strength (Cube) N / mm² 40.0 Gross Density kg / m³ 2312.

Indicators of life cycle

IndicatorDirectionUnit Production
A1-A3
 Transport
A4
 Installation
A5
 Use
B1
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
Input
  • 40.09
  • 0.51
  • 7.72
  • 0
  • 1.13
  • 2.85
  • 1.05
  • 0.24
  • -23.32
Input
  • 0.2
  • 0
  • 0.003
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • -0.18
  • 0
  • 0
Input
  • 40.29
  • 0.51
  • 7.73
  • 0
  • 1.13
  • 2.85
  • 0.87
  • 0.24
  • -23.32
Input
  • 1513
  • 32.35
  • 132.9
  • 0
  • 185.3
  • 179.7
  • 171.7
  • 26.24
  • -257.3
Input
  • 7.03
  • 0
  • 0.11
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • -6.51
  • 0
  • 0
Input
  • 1.52E+3
  • 32.35
  • 133
  • 0
  • 185.3
  • 179.7
  • 165.2
  • 26.24
  • -257.3
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 2165
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Input
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Input
  • 3.48
  • 0.0047
  • 0.07
  • 0
  • 0.01
  • 0.03
  • 0.01
  • 0.03
  • -0.76
Output
  • 0.95
  • 0.05
  • 0.16
  • 0
  • 0.21
  • 0.26
  • 0.19
  • 0.03
  • -2.01
Output
  • 22
  • 0.94
  • 322.4
  • 0
  • 2.83
  • 5.23
  • 2.62
  • 171.8
  • -35.87
Output
No records found.
  • 0.0000097
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.00002
  • 0.000054
  • 0.000019
  • 0.0000041
  • -0.00044
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 2141
  • 0
  • 0
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
Output
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0
  • 0

IndicatorUnit Production
A1-A3
 Transport
A4
 Installation
A5
 Use
B1
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
Abiotic depletion potential - fossil resources (ADPF)
  • 1.52E+3
  • 32.35
  • 133
  • 0
  • 185.3
  • 179.7
  • 171.7
  • 26.23
  • -257.3
Abiotic depletion potential - non-fossil resources (ADPE)
  • 0.00012
  • 0.0000062
  • 0.0000081
  • 0
  • 0.0000051
  • 0.000034
  • 0.0000047
  • 0.0000017
  • -0.00011
Acidification potential, Accumulated Exceedance (AP)
  • 0.61
  • 0.0051
  • 0.07
  • 0
  • 0.13
  • 0.03
  • 0.12
  • 0.0076
  • -0.13
Global Warming Potential - biogenic (GWP-biogenic)
  • 0.14
  • 0.0011
  • 0.01
  • 0
  • 0.0014
  • 0.006
  • 0.0013
  • 0.00011
  • -0.02
Global Warming Potential - fossil fuels (GWP-fossil)
  • 265.6
  • 2.15
  • 11.91
  • -16.24
  • 14.17
  • 11.97
  • 13.13
  • 1.07
  • -21.44
Global Warming Potential - total (GWP-total)
  • 265.7
  • 2.16
  • 11.92
  • -16.24
  • 14.17
  • 11.98
  • 13.13
  • 1.07
  • -21.48
Global Warming Potential - land use and land use change (GWP-luluc)
  • 0.02
  • 0.00077
  • 0.0022
  • 0
  • 0.0012
  • 0.0043
  • 0.0011
  • 0.00056
  • -0.02
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
No records found.
Eutrophication potential - freshwater (EP-freshwater)
  • 0.02
  • 0.00015
  • 0.00071
  • 0
  • 0.00041
  • 0.00084
  • 0.00038
  • 0.000089
  • -0.0065
Eutrophication potential - marine (EP-marine)
  • 0.03
  • 0.0013
  • 0.03
  • 0
  • 0.06
  • 0.0074
  • 0.05
  • 0.0029
  • -0.03
Eutrophication potential - terrestrial (EP-terrestrial)
  • 2.38
  • 0.01
  • 0.33
  • 0
  • 0.65
  • 0.08
  • 0.6
  • 0.03
  • -0.38
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)
  • 0.62
  • 0.0088
  • 0.1
  • 0
  • 0.19
  • 0.05
  • 0.18
  • 0.01
  • -0.11
Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP)
  • 0.0000068
  • 4.5E-8
  • 2.4E-7
  • 0
  • 2.2E-7
  • 2.5E-7
  • 2E-7
  • 3.1E-8
  • -1.7E-7
Water (user) deprivation potential (WDP)
  • 31.31
  • 0.16
  • 0.93
  • 0
  • 0.45
  • 0.9
  • 0.42
  • 0.07
  • -32.08

IndicatorUnit Production
A1-A3
 Transport
A4
 Installation
A5
 Use
B1
 De-construction
C1
 Transport
C2
 Waste processing
C3
 Disposal
C4
 Recycling Potential
D
1This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact of low dose ionizing radiation on human health of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents, occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential ionizing radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not measured by this indicator.
2The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on these results are high or as there is limited experiences with the indicator.
Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 (IRP) 1
No records found.
  • 0.04
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.08
  • 0.22
  • 0.08
  • 0.02
  • -1.81
Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions (PM) 2
No records found.
  • 2.1E-7
No records found.
  • 0
  • 0.000021
  • 0.0000012
  • 0.000019
  • 1.7E-7
  • -0.000002
Potential Soil quality index (SQP) 2
No records found.
  • 32.53
No records found.
  • 0
  • 12.98
  • 180.7
  • 12.03
  • 51.61
  • -240.8
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - non-cancer effects (HTP-nc) 2
No records found.
  • 2.1E-8
No records found.
  • 0
  • 2.5E-8
  • 1.2E-7
  • 2.3E-8
  • 4.7E-9
  • -1.7E-7
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for humans - cancer effects (HTP-c) 2
No records found.
  • 1.4E-8
No records found.
  • 0
  • 5.5E-8
  • 7.7E-8
  • 5.1E-8
  • 4.8E-9
  • -1.9E-7
Potential Comparative Toxic Unit for ecosystems (ETP-fw) 2
No records found.
  • 7.66
No records found.
  • 0
  • 26.26
  • 42.58
  • 24.33
  • 3.59
  • -117.3