Process Data set: Red and black bricks produced at Graasten Teglværk - Biogas (en) en
Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | DK |
| Geographical representativeness description | Europe. |
| Reference year | 2025 |
| Name |
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| Use advice for data set | The production of soft-stroked clay bricks begins with the transportation of various clays and sand to a box feeder. The materials are kneaded in a pan mill where rocks are crushed, and the mixture is refined to a particle size of max. 0.8 mm to ensure a homogeneous consistency, aided by a swamp mixing system. Depending on the final product, the refined clay is either extruded and cut for machine-made bricks or shaped using a soft-stroke press for handmade-like facing bricks. The freshly formed bricks are placed on dry laths and transported via overhead trolleys to drying chambers. Once dried, the bricks are loaded onto kiln trucks and pass through a tunnel oven for 64 hours. During this process, the clay goes through calcination, in which the calcium carbonate is broken in calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. After firing, the bricks are packed and transported to customers. The flowchart below illustrates the processes included in the system boundaries for the analysis: |
| Technical purpose of product or process | Soft-stroked clay bricks in reddish and dark colors, with customizable formats. The clay bricks are fired in a kiln, with certified biogas. Certified green electricity is used at production site. About 83% of the pallets are reused. |
| Classification |
Class name
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Hierarchy level
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| General comment on data set | Data quality: Specific data for the product composition are provided by the manufacturer. The data represents the production of the declared product and were collected for EPD development in the year of study, for a period of one year of production. Background data is based on EPDs according to EN 15804 and different LCA databases. The data quality of the raw materials in A1 is presented in the table below. Allocation: The allocation is made in accordance with the provisions of EN 15804. Incoming energy and water and waste production in-house is allocated equally among all products through mass allocation. Effects of primary production of recycled materials is allocated to the main product in which the material was used. The recycling process and transportation of the material is allocated to this analysis. Cut-off criteria: All major raw materials and all the essential energy is included. The production processes for raw materials and energy flows with very small amounts (less than 1%) are not included when specific information are missing. These cut-off criteria do not apply for hazardous materials and substances. |
| Copyright | Yes |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) |
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| Biogenic carbon content |
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| Time representativeness | |
| Data set valid until | 2030 |
| Time representativeness description | 2025-10-10 - 2030-10-10 |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | Bricks tested according to DS/EN 771-1. |
Modelling and validation
| Subtype | specific dataset | ||||
| LCA methodology report | |||||
| Data sources, treatment and representativeness | |||||
| Documentation of data quality management | |||||
| Data source(s) used for this data set | |||||
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| Compliance Declarations | |||||
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
EN 15804+A2
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
Administrative information
| Data generator | |
| Data set generator / modeller |
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| Data entry by | |
| Time stamp (last saved) | 2025-10-10T09:56:22 |
| Data set format(s) | |
| Publication and ownership | |
| UUID | 1e83e1d6-8e05-4ea7-abf7-bfbb8dc0e5d0 |
| Date of last revision | 2025-08-12T11:34:19.53202Z |
| Data set version | 00.03.000 |
| Registration authority | |
| Registration number | NEPD-12067-12059 |
| Owner of data set | |
| Copyright | Yes |
| License type | Free of charge for all users and uses |
| Access and use restrictions | None |
Environmental indicators
Indicators of life cycle