Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | SE |
| Geographical representativeness description | Sweden , Europe |
| Reference year | 2025 |
| Name |
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| Use advice for data set | The chosen system boundaries include the production of concrete, from raw material extraction to the end of life of the product including the benefits beyond the system boundary: Product stage Module A1: Extraction and processing of concrete raw materials, e.g. production of cement, admixtures, and additions Module A2: Transport of raw materials to the ready-mix concrete plant and internal transport Module A3: Concrete production at the plant Construction process stage Module A4: Transport to the construction site Module A5: Installation of ready-mix concrete on the construction site Use stage Module B1: Carbonation during the use phase Module B2-B7: Maintenance, repair, replacement, refurbishment, operational energy and water use End-of-Life stage Module C1: Deconstruction/demolition of concrete buildings/components Module C2: Transport of concrete demolition to processing Module C3: Crushing and processing of concrete demolition material Module C4: Disposal of demolished concrete Benefits and loads beyond the system boundary Module D: Reuse, recovery, recycling potential |
| Technical purpose of product or process | Concrete is produced by mixing cement, coarse and fine aggregates, and water, with or without the addition of admixtures and additions. Fresh concrete is placed in formwork on the construction site, compacted, and hardened into the desired shape through the hydration of the cement to form a solid artificial stone. Concrete is a widely used building material in construction. It is primarily used in building construction for ceilings, walls, stairs, foundations, columns, and beams, in civil engineering for earth-contacting components, foundations, floor slabs, and bored piles, and in structural engineering, for example, bridges. The declared product is unreinforced concrete, which is delivered to the construction site as ready-mixed concrete. For the use of ready-mixed concrete, the respective national regulations at the place of use apply. The declared product is a concrete, FRO45F16S4ANL in accordance with EN 206 standard and relevant local standards. |
| General comment on data set | Data quality Specific data for the product composition are provided by the manufacturer. The data represent the production of the declared product and were collected for EPD development in the year of study. Background data is based on EPDs in accordance with EN 15804 and different LCA databases. The data quality of the raw materials in A1 is presented in the table below. Allocation The allocation is made in accordance with the provisions of EN 15804. Incoming energy and water and waste production in-house is allocated equally among all products through mass allocation. For co-products, an economic allocation is carried out. Furthermore, the processing, when applicable, and transportation of the co-product are included in this analysis. Cut-off criteria All major raw materials and all the essential energy are included. The production processes for raw materials and energy flows with very small amounts (less than 1%) may not be included. These cut-off criteria do not apply for hazardous materials and substances. |
| Copyright | Yes |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) |
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| Biogenic carbon content |
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| Time representativeness | |
| Data set valid until | 2030 |
| Technological representativeness | |
Modelling and validation
| Subtype | specific dataset | ||||
| LCA methodology report | |||||
| Data sources, treatment and representativeness | |||||
| Documentation of data quality management | |||||
| Data source(s) used for this data set | |||||
| Completeness | |||||
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| Compliance Declarations | |||||
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
EN 15804+A2
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
| Compliance |
Compliance system name
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Approval of overall compliance
Fully compliant |
Nomenclature compliance
Fully compliant |
Methodological compliance
Fully compliant |
Review compliance
Fully compliant |
Documentation compliance
Fully compliant |
Quality compliance
Fully compliant |
Administrative information
| Data generator | |
| Data set generator / modeller |
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| Data entry by | |
| Time stamp (last saved) | 2025-11-27T11:11:30 |
| Data set format(s) | |
| Publication and ownership | |
| UUID | 0a22e138-adb0-44fd-b8cf-1411e3cab735 |
| Date of last revision | 2025-11-26T15:22:02.6879502Z |
| Data set version | 00.02.001 |
| Registration authority | |
| Registration number | NEPD-14268-14627 |
| Owner of data set | |
| Copyright | Yes |
| License type | Free of charge for all users and uses |
| Access and use restrictions | None |
Environmental indicators
Indicators of life cycle